GLP-1 and AMD? Eyes Didn't See That Coming
Medications like Ozempic and Wegovy have transformed how we manage type 2 diabetes and obesity—but new research raises concerns about a possible link to wet age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), a leading cause of vision loss in older adults. While these medications offer clear benefits for blood sugar control, weight loss, and cardiovascular health, a recent study suggests they may also double the risk of developing nAMD.
Here’s what you need to know.
What the Study Found
- A population-based study in Ontario, Canada (2020–2023) followed over 1 million adults with diabetes, including ~73,000 who used GLP-1 medications like semaglutide (the active ingredient in Ozempic and Wegovy) for at least six months, and ~996,000 who never used them health.com
- Those using GLP-1s had more than double the risk of developing neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) compared with non-users, and the risk increased with longer use
- nAMD is a serious eye condition where abnormal blood vessels in the retina can lead to rapid vision loss if left untreated. While treatments exist, it remains a leading cause of adult vision impairment
Interpreting the Results
- Association ≠ causation: The study shows a correlation but doesn’t prove GLP-1 medications cause wet AMD. Important risk factors—such as smoking, UV exposure, and diet—weren’t controlled for.
- Detection bias: People on GLP-1s may visit doctors more frequently, increasing the chance of AMD being diagnosed.
Expert Opinions & Recommendations
- The American Association of Clinical Endocrinology maintains that the heart and metabolic benefits of GLP-1s still outweigh potential eye risks for most patients, and has not changed its guidelines
- Experts advise that patients on long-term GLP-1s, especially older adults or those with preexisting retinal conditions, should undergo regular eye screenings and perform self-tests at home (e.g., covering one eye and looking for distortions in straight lines like window blinds or doorframes).
What You Can Do
- Continue using GLP-1 medications if prescribed—but stay informed.
- Get regular comprehensive eye exams, especially if you’ve been on GLP-1s for a while.
- Do weekly self-checks for early warning signs like blurriness or wavy straight lines.
Cook With Doc Wisdom
A healthy lifestyle helps protect your eyes — and your whole body. Aim to:
- Eat real, wholesome foods you know are good for you, in balance and in reasonable portions.
- Browse our AMD fighting recipes, which are not only good for your eyes but are also delicious!
- Move every day, targeting about one hour of purposeful exercise—even just a brisk walk works wonders
